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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Warburg effect hypothesis in autism Spectrum disorders.

Alexandre Vallée1,2, Jean-Noël Vallée3,4

  • 1Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, CHU Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France. alexandre.g.vallee@gmail.com.

Molecular Brain
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves WNT/β-catenin pathway upregulation, potentially causing the Warburg effect. This metabolic shift in cells may drive ASD progression and offers therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Aerobic glycolysisAutism spectrum disordersLDH-aLactateWNT/β-catenin pathwayWarburg effect

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by social-communication deficits and restricted behaviors.
  • Cellular metabolism is frequently altered in ASD, with specific links to the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
  • The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is observed to be upregulated in individuals with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the hypothesis linking the Warburg effect to WNT/β-catenin pathway overexpression in ASD.
  • To explore the role of dysregulated energy metabolism in the cellular alterations and progression of ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the WNT/β-catenin pathway and the Warburg effect in ASD.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms connecting WNT/β-catenin signaling to aerobic glycolysis.
  • Examination of key enzymes and transporters involved in the Warburg effect, including Glut, PKM2, PDK1, MCT-1, and LDH-A.

Main Results:

  • Upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in ASD is hypothesized to stimulate the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis).
  • This pathway activation leads to increased glucose uptake and lactate production, bypassing efficient ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Key molecular players like Glut, PKM2, PDK1, MCT-1, and LDH-A are upregulated, while PDH is inactivated, supporting aerobic glycolysis.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulation of energy metabolism, specifically the Warburg effect driven by WNT/β-catenin, may contribute to cellular deregulation and ASD progression.
  • Targeting the Warburg effect presents a potential therapeutic strategy for developing interventions for autism spectrum disorder.