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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management
Michael R Ware1,2, David B Feller2, Karen L Hall3,2
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
|January 12, 2018
Summary
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic medications. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for reducing NMS mortality rates.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening condition associated with antipsychotic medications.
- While its pathophysiology is not fully understood, NMS requires prompt recognition and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To offer general practitioners an updated overview of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
- To cover the etiology, diagnostic workup, and management strategies for NMS.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, including articles on NMS, antipsychotics, and neuroleptics from 2000 to 2017.
- Articles were screened, excluding single-case reports and pediatric cases, with 42 relevant articles included in the review.
Main Results:
- The literature confirms NMS is linked to neuroleptics and similar medications, though optimal treatment remains debated.
- NMS is a rare, severe adverse effect of antipsychotics, necessitating rapid identification and intervention.
Conclusions:
- NMS mortality has decreased due to earlier recognition and intervention.
- Clinicians, particularly primary care physicians using antipsychotics for adjunctive therapy, must be aware of NMS and its implications.
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