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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Single-Molecule Tracking Microscopy - A Tool for Determining the Diffusive States of Cytosolic Molecules
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Three-Dimensional Tracking of Interfacial Hopping Diffusion.

Dapeng Wang1,2, Haichao Wu2, Daniel K Schwartz2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review Letters
|January 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular motion at interfaces is not simple hops but biased 3D Brownian motion. Controlling electrostatic interactions influences molecule diffusion and readsorption at solid-liquid interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Molecular motion at interfaces is crucial for catalysis, sensing, and nanomaterial assembly.
  • Previous theories proposed "hops" through liquid phases, governed by sticking coefficients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and understand the mechanism of molecular motion at solid-liquid interfaces.
  • To investigate the role of electrostatic interactions in interfacial diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule tracking.
  • Studied human serum albumin at solid-liquid interfaces with varying electrostatic properties.

Main Results:

  • Observed that molecules undergo multiple unproductive surface encounters before readsorption.
  • Found that repulsive surfaces require ~7 collisions, while attractive surfaces require ~2.5.
  • Demonstrated that electrostatic repulsion increases hop duration and distance.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial diffusion is dominated by biased 3D Brownian motion coupled to the bulk phase.
  • Short- and long-range adsorbate-surface interactions can control interfacial diffusion.