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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

In Vitro Analysis of Myd88-mediated Cellular Immune Response to West Nile Virus Mutant Strain Infection
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Nucleic Acid Amplification Test For Detection Of West Nile Virus Infection In Pakistani Blood Donors.

Saifullah Khan Niazi1, Maqbool Alam2, Muhammad Sajid Yazdani2

  • 1Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|January 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

West Nile Virus (WNV) RNA was detected in 0.21% of Pakistani blood donors using Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAT). This highlights WNV as a significant threat to blood product safety in Pakistan, necessitating screening strategies.

Keywords:
Blood donorsNucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAT)West Nile Virus (WNV)

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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Virology
  • Public Health
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • West Nile Virus (WNV) poses a potential risk to blood transfusion safety.
  • Understanding WNV prevalence in blood donor populations is crucial for public health.
  • Pakistan's blood supply safety requires assessment for WNV transmission risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in Pakistani blood donors.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAT) for WNV detection in blood donors.
  • To assess the risk of WNV transmission through blood products in Pakistan.

Main Methods:

  • Blood donors were screened using a questionnaire and routine tests.
  • Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAT) was performed on pooled samples (six donors per pool).
  • Reactive pools were resolved using Individual Donation-NAT (ID-NAT), with confirmation on retrieved plasma bag samples.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1860 donors tested, 4 (0.21%) were confirmed positive for WNV RNA.
  • The NAT yield for WNV was 1 confirmed reactive donor per 465 blood donors.
  • Six initially reactive pools (0.32%) were identified, indicating WNV circulation.

Conclusions:

  • West Nile Virus (WNV) represents a significant threat to the safety of blood products in Pakistan.
  • Implementing a WNV screening strategy for blood donors is recommended.
  • Seasonal screening with sample pooling offers a cost-effective approach to WNV detection.