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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
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How heart rate variability affects emotion regulation brain networks.

Mara Mather1, Julian Thayer2

  • 1University of Southern California.

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
|January 16, 2018
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Higher heart rate variability (HRV) is linked to better emotional well-being. This study hypothesizes that HRV oscillations enhance brain connectivity for emotion regulation, potentially improving mood.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Individuals with high heart rate variability (HRV) report better emotional well-being, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Physiological oscillations, particularly in heart rate, are increasingly recognized for their impact on brain function and emotional states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel hypothesis linking high-amplitude heart rate oscillations to enhanced brain network functional connectivity.
  • To explore the potential of heart rate oscillations in improving emotion regulation and overall emotional well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on daily biofeedback interventions to increase HRV amplitude.
  • Theoretical analysis of how blood flow timing and physiological oscillations influence brain network structure and function.

Main Results:

  • High-amplitude heart rate oscillations may causally impact emotional well-being.
  • Slow oscillations in heart rate have the potential to strengthen brain network dynamics, particularly in medial prefrontal cortex regions.

Conclusions:

  • Heart rate variability oscillations may enhance functional connectivity in emotion-regulating brain networks.
  • This mechanism offers a potential explanation for the link between high HRV and improved emotional well-being.