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What are Lipids?01:38

What are Lipids?

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Lipids function as structural components of cellular membranes, in addition to acting as energy reservoirs and signaling molecules. They are thus crucial to all living organisms.  The three biologically important classes of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Gramicidin-based Fluorescence Assay; for Determining Small Molecules Potential for Modifying Lipid Bilayer Properties
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Surfactant Effects on Lipid-Based Vesicles Properties.

Ruba Bnyan1, Iftikhar Khan1, Touraj Ehtezazi1

  • 1Formulation and Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|January 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surfactant properties significantly impact lipid vesicular systems, influencing size, charge, and stability. Tailoring surfactants optimizes drug delivery, enhancing entrapment, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
entrapment efficiencyhydrophilic-lipophilic balancelipid-based vesiclesliposomestabilitysurfactanttransfersomezeta potential

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Vesicular delivery systems are crucial for drug formulation.
  • Surfactant properties are key determinants of vesicular system performance.
  • Understanding these relationships is vital for optimizing drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing research on the influence of surfactant properties on lipid vesicular systems.
  • To elucidate how surfactant characteristics affect vesicle size, charge, stability, drug entrapment, and in vivo behavior.
  • To provide insights for the rational design of advanced vesicular drug delivery platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating surfactant-lipid interactions in vesicular systems.
  • Analysis of data correlating surfactant properties (e.g., concentration, chain length, HLB) with vesicle characteristics.
  • Evaluation of the impact of these properties on drug encapsulation efficiency and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles.

Main Results:

  • Vesicle size generally decreases with increased surfactant concentration, carbon chain length, head group hydrophilicity, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB).
  • Higher surfactant concentration increases vesicle charge, reducing aggregation and enhancing stability.
  • Entrapment efficiency is drug- and surfactant-dependent; lipophilic drugs benefit from low HLB surfactants. Membrane permeability is influenced by carbon chain length and transition temperature.
  • Surfactants modulate pharmacokinetics by sustaining drug release, prolonging circulation, and improving targeting and cellular uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Surfactant properties are critical and tunable parameters for controlling lipid vesicular system behavior.
  • Strategic selection of surfactants can optimize vesicle characteristics for enhanced drug delivery efficacy.
  • This understanding facilitates the development of more effective and targeted vesicular drug delivery systems.