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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The concept of the looking-glass self describes how an individual's self-concept is shaped by their perception of how others see them. This psychological theory, first introduced by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, posits that self-identity emerges in a social context and is influenced by the judgments—real or imagined—of others.Research suggests that individuals frequently overestimate how positively others perceive them. This is particularly evident in physical...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Cell Size01:22

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
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Size-Dependent Localization in Polydisperse Colloidal Glasses.

D Heckendorf1, K J Mutch1, S U Egelhaaf1

  • 1Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|January 18, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concentrated suspensions of hard spheres show differing particle dynamics with size. Large particles move slower and localize more, linking local crowding to heterogeneous dynamics, but collective effects are key to arrest.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding particle dynamics in concentrated suspensions is crucial for materials science.
  • Polydispersity in particle size can significantly influence suspension behavior.
  • Confocal microscopy enables detailed observation of individual particle motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics and sizes of individual particles in concentrated polydisperse hard sphere suspensions.
  • To explore the relationship between particle size, local crowding, and dynamics.
  • To understand the factors contributing to dynamical arrest in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized confocal microscopy to track individual particles in concentrated suspensions.
  • Analyzed particle dynamics and determined particle sizes.
  • Calculated local volume fraction (ϕ_loc) and localization length.

Main Results:

  • Observed differing dynamics between small and large particles with increasing concentration.
  • Large particles exhibited slower dynamics and stronger localization.
  • Localization length decreased significantly beyond ϕ_loc ≈ 0.67, suggesting a link between local crowding and dynamical heterogeneities.

Conclusions:

  • Local crowding is linked to dynamical heterogeneities in concentrated suspensions.
  • Dynamical arrest of subpopulations is not solely dependent on high local volume fraction.
  • Collective effects play a significant role in the dynamical arrest of particles.