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Models of Bone Metastasis
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Flexoelectricity in Bones.

Fabian Vasquez-Sancho1,2, Amir Abdollahi3, Dragan Damjanovic4

  • 1Institut CatalĂ  de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flexoelectricity, not just piezoelectricity, is key to bone repair. This study shows hydroxyapatite flexoelectricity drives electrical signals that may initiate bone healing after injury.

Keywords:
bone remodelingcracksflexoelectricityhydroxyapatite

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone's electromechanical properties are crucial for self-repair and remodeling.
  • Collagen's piezoelectricity has been considered the primary source of these electrical responses.
  • Flexoelectricity, voltage generation from strain gradients, is a theoretical contributor in materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the flexoelectricity of bone and pure bone mineral (hydroxyapatite).
  • To determine the contribution of hydroxyapatite flexoelectricity to bone's electromechanical behavior.
  • To investigate the role of flexoelectricity in initiating bone repair mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of flexoelectric coefficients in cortical bone and hydroxyapatite.
  • Calculation of flexoelectric fields generated by simulated cracks in bone mineral.
  • Theoretical analysis of crack-induced electric fields' effect on bone cells.

Main Results:

  • Flexoelectricity of bone and hydroxyapatite were found to be of similar magnitude.
  • Hydroxyapatite flexoelectricity is identified as the primary source of bending-induced polarization in cortical bone.
  • Calculated flexoelectric fields from bone cracks are sufficient to induce osteocyte apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Flexoelectricity of hydroxyapatite plays a significant role in the electromechanical response of bone.
  • Crack-induced flexoelectricity may trigger osteocyte apoptosis, initiating the bone crack-healing process.
  • Flexoelectricity is suggested as a central mechanism in bone's repair and remodeling capabilities.