Obesity and chronic kidney disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Metabolic Disorders
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
• Obesity-related kidney disease (ORKD) risk is present even in metabolically healthy individuals, indicating obesity itself is a direct contributor.
• Chronic inflammation and aberrant lipid metabolism are key pathophysiological mechanisms driving kidney cell injury in ORKD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in understanding obesity-related kidney disease.
• To cover epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies for ORKD.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature on obesity-related kidney disease.
• Analysis of studies investigating the link between obesity, metabolic health, and kidney function.
• Evaluation of bariatric surgery outcomes in pediatric and adult populations with ORKD.

Main Results:

• Obesity independently contributes to CKD development.
• Early kidney abnormalities, including albuminuria and reduced kidney function, are prevalent in severely obese children.
• Bariatric surgery has demonstrated improvements in kidney function and albuminuria in both children and adults with ORKD.

Conclusions:

• The renal impact of obesity begins in childhood.
• Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing kidney injury in obese children.
• Bariatric surgery is a viable treatment option for improving renal outcomes in patients with ORKD.