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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Paw-Dragging: a Novel, Sensitive Analysis of the Mouse Cylinder Test
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Drag force in a cold or hot granular medium.

A Seguin1,2, P Gondret1

  • 1Laboratoire FAST, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The drag force on an intruder in granular materials depends on vibration levels. "Cold" granular media show constant force, while "hot" media exhibit velocity-dependent force, governed by granular temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors influenced by external stimuli like vibration.
  • Understanding the dynamics of objects moving through granular media is crucial for various applications.
  • The concept of granular temperature, analogous to thermodynamic temperature, helps characterize granular system energy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the resisting force on a large intruder disk in a 2D granular packing.
  • To analyze the influence of vibration levels and intruder velocity on the drag force.
  • To establish a framework based on granular temperatures to explain the observed force regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of drag force on an intruder disk in a bidimensional granular packing.
  • Systematic variation of intruder velocity and packing vibration levels.
  • Analysis of force data in relation to granular temperatures (bulk and local).

Main Results:

  • Two distinct drag force regimes were observed: velocity-independent in "cold" (low vibration) and velocity-dependent in "hot" (high vibration) granular media.
  • The drag force behavior in both regimes is explained by the balance of bulk granular temperature (Tb) and local granular temperature (T0).
  • Experimental data collapse when plotted against the temperature ratio T0/Tb, revealing a critical velocity (V0c) for regime transition.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a unified understanding of drag forces in granular media based on granular temperatures.
  • A critical velocity V0c marks the transition between "hot" and "cold" regimes.
  • An inertial regime, with force scaling as V0^2, is predicted at higher velocities (V0 > V0i).