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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Hallucinations, neuroplasticity, and prediction errors in schizophrenia.

Amanda McCleery1,2, Jonathan K Wynn1,2, Daniel H Mathalon

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

People with schizophrenia experiencing auditory hallucinations show impaired prediction error signaling. This suggests a breakdown in how the brain predicts and processes sensory information, impacting hallucination development.

Keywords:
Auditory hallucinationsmismatch negativityprediction error signalingpsychotic disordersroving MMNshort-term neuroplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Auditory hallucinations are a common symptom of schizophrenia.
  • They may stem from failures in predictive coding and altered prediction error signaling.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prediction error signaling and neuroplasticity in schizophrenia using a roving mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm.
  • To compare individuals with and without recent auditory hallucinations.
  • To evaluate the role of predictive coding in auditory hallucinations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a roving mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm.
  • Recruited 30 individuals with schizophrenia (16 with, 14 without recent hallucinations) and 20 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed MMN profiles, prediction error signaling, and short-term neuroplasticity.

Main Results:

  • The group with recent hallucinations showed abnormal MMN profiles.
  • Significantly reduced prediction error signaling was observed in the hallucinating group.
  • A trend towards diminished short-term neuroplasticity was noted in individuals with recent hallucinations.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a predictive coding model of schizophrenia hallucinations, highlighting reduced prediction error signaling.
  • Disrupted plasticity in updating predictive models may contribute to hallucinations.
  • These results offer insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory hallucinations.