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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Social effects on reference frame selection.

Jonathan W Kelly1, Kristi A Costabile2, Lucia A Cherep2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Rd, Ames, IA, 50011-1041, USA. jonkelly@iastate.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|January 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The presence of another person does not influence spatial memory reference frame selection. Participants adopted object-centered frames regardless of whether a person or object was at the alternative viewpoint.

Keywords:
Social cognitionSpatial cognitionSpatial memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Spatial Cognition
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • The presence of others can trigger spontaneous perspective-taking.
  • Understanding how social presence impacts spatial memory representation is crucial.
  • Previous research suggests social cues influence cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the presence of another person affects reference frame selection in spatial memory.
  • To determine if social cues, specifically another person, bias egocentric or allocentric spatial representations.
  • To explore the role of social versus non-social perspectives in memory retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving participants studying object layouts from a specific viewpoint.
  • Participants later performed relative direction judgments from various imagined perspectives.
  • The presence and perspective of another person (experimenter) or an object (wooden box) were manipulated during learning.

Main Results:

  • When alone, participants defaulted to a reference frame aligned with the studied view (egocentric bias).
  • The mere presence of the experimenter did not alter reference frame selection.
  • Processing information from an alternative perspective (experimenter or object) led to adopting that nonegocentric reference frame.

Conclusions:

  • The mere presence of another person does not influence spatial reference frame selection.
  • Participants adopt a nonegocentric reference frame when explicitly processing information from an alternative perspective, irrespective of whether it's occupied by a person or an object.
  • Spatial memory representation is flexible and can be biased by explicit perspective-taking instructions, not just social presence.