[FEMALE PARAURETHRAL LEIOMYOSARCOMA: A CASE REPORT]

Area of Science:

• Gynecologic Oncology
• Urogynecology
• Surgical Pathology

Background:

• Leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant tumors that can arise in various pelvic locations.
• Paraurethral tumors are uncommon, and leiomyosarcomas in this specific location are exceptionally rare.

Observation:

• A 54-year-old woman presented with a gradually enlarging vaginal mass and dysuria over two years.
• Imaging revealed a 4-cm tumor between the urethra and vaginal mucosa, with no infiltration into surrounding structures.
• Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) showed high fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, indicating metabolic activity, with no evidence of metastatic disease.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination confirmed a well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma.
• Immunohistochemistry revealed estrogen receptor (ER) positivity and partial progesterone receptor (PR) positivity.
• Transvaginal excision of the tumor was performed successfully.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering leiomyosarcoma in the differential diagnosis of paraurethral masses.
• The hormonal receptor status suggests potential hormonal influences on tumor development.
• The successful transvaginal approach demonstrates a feasible surgical option for such rare tumors.
• Further research into the developmental mechanisms of female paraurethral leiomyosarcomas is warranted, potentially linking them to leiomyosarcomas in adjacent pelvic organs.