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Related Experiment Video

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Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions

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Administration of Caffeine in Alternate Forms.

Kate A Wickham¹, Lawrence L Spriet²

¹Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)

|January 26, 2018

Summary

New caffeine delivery methods like gum and mouth rinses offer faster absorption for athletes. While gum aids endurance and sprints, mouth rinses show promise for high-intensity efforts, but more research is needed for diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

Recent interest in low-dose caffeine (around 200 mg or 3 mg/kg) for ergogenic effects.
Exploration of alternative caffeine delivery forms beyond traditional capsules, coffee, and sports drinks.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the ergogenic effects of various alternative caffeine delivery methods.
To compare absorption rates and performance outcomes across different delivery formats.

Main Methods:

Review of studies on caffeinated chewing gum, mouth rinses, energy drinks, and aerosols.
Analysis of caffeine absorption through buccal mucosa versus gastrointestinal tract.
Assessment of performance impacts on endurance, sprint, power, aerobic, and resistance exercise.

Main Results:

Caffeinated chewing gum shows quicker buccal absorption and improves cycling performance, with potential benefits for repeated sprints.
Caffeine mouth rinses may stimulate neural pathways and enhance repeated high-intensity sprinting, but lack cognitive performance effects.
Energy drinks' individual caffeine effects are unclear; aerosols have limited supporting evidence; aerobic and resistance exercise data are insufficient.

Conclusions:

Alternate caffeine delivery methods like gum and mouth rinses offer unique absorption profiles and potential performance benefits.
Further research is required on trained athletes, female subjects, brain activation, and blood caffeine levels for these novel delivery forms.