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Sterols in Infant Formulas: A Bioaccessibility Study.

Islam J A Hamdan1, Luis Manuel Sanchez-Siles2, Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas1

  • 1Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in infant formula (IF) increases cholesterol content. While bioaccessibility of cholesterol is reduced in MFGM-enriched IF, overall intake of bioaccessible cholesterol is higher.

Keywords:
bioaccessibilitycholesterolin vitro digestioninfant formulasmilk fat globule membrane (MFGM)plant sterols

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Food Chemistry
  • Pediatric Nutrition

Background:

  • Infant formulas (IFs) aim to replicate human milk (HM) composition.
  • Current IFs use vegetable oil blends, altering the sterol ratio.
  • Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) ingredients may improve sterol profiles in IFs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the bioaccessibility (BA) of various sterols in IFs with and without MFGM.
  • To compare sterol content and BA under simulated infant digestion conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in vitro digestion model simulating infant conditions.
  • Analyzed the bioaccessibility of six sterols: cholesterol, desmosterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol.
  • Quantified sterol content and BA in three different IF formulations.

Main Results:

  • MFGM presence significantly increased cholesterol content in IFs (6-7 mg/100 mL vs 2 mg/100 mL).
  • Cholesterol was the most bioaccessible sterol across all tested IFs.
  • MFGM-enriched IF showed reduced cholesterol BA (65.6-80.4%) compared to standard IF (99.7%).
  • Despite lower BA, MFGM-enriched IFs provided a higher intake of bioaccessible cholesterol.

Conclusions:

  • MFGM incorporation into IFs enhances cholesterol content.
  • While MFGM affects cholesterol bioaccessibility, it leads to greater overall bioavailable cholesterol intake.
  • MFGM-rich ingredients represent a promising strategy for optimizing sterol profiles in infant formulas.