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Related Concept Videos

Electric Field of a Continuous Line Charge01:19

Electric Field of a Continuous Line Charge

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In physics, symmetry in a system means that something in the considered system remains unchanged due to a specific operation to which it is subjected. For example, consider a horizontal square. The square looks the same if its right and left sides are interchanged. Hence, it is symmetric under a right-left interchange.
In calculations of electric fields, symmetry is of great use. For example, while calculating electric fields of continuous charge distributions.
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Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

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Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
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Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

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The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere01:22

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Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial for determining the expressions for the electric field for a particular charge distribution if the electric flux is known.
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Simultaneously Capturing Real-time Images in Two Emission Channels Using a Dual Camera Emission Splitting System: Applications to Cell Adhesion
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Local field effect on charge-capture/emission dynamics.

Kin P Cheung1, Dmitry Veksler1, Jason P Campbell1

  • 1Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Revisiting charge-capture/emission in small Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistors (MOSFETs) reveals individual charge dynamics. This new understanding modifies device physics, impacting phenomena like random telegraph noise (RTN).

Keywords:
MOSFETNBTIRTNemissionlocal fieldtrapped charge

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Area of Science:

  • Solid State Physics
  • Semiconductor Device Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Charge-capture/emission dynamics are fundamental to electron device operation and reliability.
  • Current models often use ensemble averaging of charge density, which becomes inaccurate for nanoscale devices.
  • Existing models of charge dynamics are considered well-understood but may fail at small scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine charge-capture/emission dynamics in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistors (MOSFETs) by considering individual charges.
  • To investigate the impact of local electric fields on charge dynamics and device behavior.
  • To provide a more accurate physical model for phenomena like random telegraph noise (RTN) and device instability.

Main Methods:

  • Re-evaluation of charge-capture/emission dynamics in MOSFETs, focusing on individual charge behavior.
  • Inclusion of local electric field effects in the vicinity of individual charges.
  • Quantitative analysis of charge screening by polar dielectrics (e.g., SiO2) within the local field model.
  • Application of the new model to explain random telegraph noise (RTN) and post-stress recovery of Negative-Bias-Instability (NBI).

Main Results:

  • A significant modification of the local band diagram due to individual charge considerations.
  • A drastic change in the charge emission mechanism is identified.
  • A new, physically sound emission mechanism for RTN emerges when local screening is accounted for.
  • Improved explanation for the dynamics of post-stress recovery in p-channel MOSFET Negative-Bias-Instability.

Conclusions:

  • The ensemble averaging approach is insufficient for accurately describing charge dynamics in small-geometry MOSFETs.
  • Considering individual charges and local fields fundamentally alters the understanding of charge-capture/emission processes.
  • This revised physical picture necessitates re-evaluation of established phenomena like RTN and device instability mechanisms.