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Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
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Stable Liquid Jets Bouncing off Soft Gels.

Dan Daniel1,2, Xi Yao3, Joanna Aizenberg1,4,5

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A liquid jet can stably bounce off soft gels by conforming to the impact dimple. This novel phenomenon is independent of gel wetting properties and occurs without an air layer, unlike other jet rebound behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Liquid jet impact on surfaces typically requires specific conditions, such as high surface tension for solid surfaces or low surface tension for liquid baths, often involving air layer stabilization.
  • Existing jet rebound phenomena are sensitive to surface tension (γ), limiting their applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a new liquid jet rebound phenomenon observed with soft gels.
  • To determine the influence of gel properties and liquid surface tension on jet behavior upon impact.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of liquid jet impact on soft gel surfaces.
  • Varied liquid surface tensions (γ = 24–72 mN/m) and liquid types.
  • Qualitative analysis of jet behavior and interface dynamics.

Main Results:

  • A liquid jet stably bounces off soft gels by deforming the gel surface to follow the jet's contour.
  • This rebound phenomenon is insensitive to the wetting properties of the gels.
  • The rebound is stable across a wide range of liquid surface tensions and does not require an air layer, even with direct liquid-gel contact.

Conclusions:

  • Soft gels exhibit a unique jet rebound mechanism distinct from impacts on hard solids or liquid baths.
  • The ability of soft gels to deform and conform to the impacting jet is key to stable rebound, irrespective of surface tension or wetting.
  • This finding opens new possibilities for controlling liquid jet behavior in soft material interactions.