Foot and Ankle Conditions: Pes Planus

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Pediatric Orthopedics
• Podiatry

Background:

• Pes planus, also known as flatfoot, is a prevalent condition affecting both pediatric and adult populations.
• In children, congenital pes planus frequently resolves as foot muscles develop with age.
• Flexible pes planus exhibits a flattening arch upon standing, while rigid pes planus shows a consistently collapsed arch.

Purpose of the Study:

• To differentiate between flexible and rigid pes planus.
• To outline appropriate management strategies for pediatric and adult pes planus.
• To identify common etiologies of acquired pes planus in adults.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical definitions and presentations of pes planus.
• Discussion of diagnostic approaches including clinical examination and X-rays.
• Analysis of treatment modalities for different types of pes planus.

Main Results:

• Rigid pes planus necessitates referral for subspecialist intervention.
• Flexible pes planus, without associated systemic conditions, is managed conservatively.
• Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is a primary cause of acquired adult pes planus.

Conclusions:

• Conservative management is suitable for flexible pes planus in children and adults lacking red flags.
• Monitoring and weight management are advised for asymptomatic pediatric cases.
• Clinical and radiographic evaluations are crucial for staging and treatment planning in adult acquired pes planus.