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Rapid evolution of a bacterial iron acquisition system.

Anushila Chatterjee1, Mark R O'Brian1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Room 4102, Buffalo, NY, 14203-1121, USA.

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Bacteria can quickly adapt to low iron by altering outer membrane transporters. This allows them to use various iron chelates, with iron reduction occurring before cell entry.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria require iron for survival and growth.
  • Iron uptake in gram-negative bacteria involves outer membrane transporters, periplasmic binding proteins, and cytoplasmic membrane transporters.
  • Siderophores are high-affinity iron chelators used by bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adaptability of iron acquisition systems in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
  • To identify the key components involved in utilizing siderophore-bound iron.
  • To understand the mechanism of iron release and reduction during uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum outer membrane transporter genes.
  • Phenotypic analysis of bacterial growth on various iron chelates.
  • Investigation of the role of the FeoB transporter in iron uptake.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous mutations in outer membrane transporter genes enabled Bradyrhizobium japonicum to utilize diverse iron siderophores.
  • Outer membrane transporters possess adaptable selectivity for iron chelates.
  • Uptake of iron from chelators required the cytoplasmic ferrous iron transporter FeoB.
  • Iron dissociation and reduction to Fe2+ occur in the periplasm before cytoplasmic entry.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial iron acquisition is highly adaptable through mutations in outer membrane transporters.
  • Iron is released from chelates and reduced in the periplasm.
  • Non-selective uptake components facilitate adaptation without requiring mutation.