Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

33.8K
Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
33.8K
DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

33.0K
33.0K
Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

432
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
432
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

53.3K
Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
53.3K
Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

Base-pairing and DNA Repair

93.8K
93.8K
Compounds Essential to Human Function01:25

Compounds Essential to Human Function

10.5K
The human body is composed of cells that are fundamentally made up of several different molecules. These molecules are essential to carry out all physiological processes in the body and are broadly classified into organic and inorganic based on their chemical structures.
Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Inorganic compounds essential to human functioning include water, salts, acids, and bases. These compounds are inorganic, i.e., they do not have a carbon-hydrogen bond. Water...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhancing Combat Surgical Readiness: The Development and Impact of the Combat Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Surgery Course.

Military medicine·2026
Same author

Recombinant Protein Nanoparticles for Dual-Stage Inhibition of SARS-CoV‑2 Infection.

ACS nanoscience Au·2026
Same author

In-Solution Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles: A New Approach to Evaluating Antibody Binding and Surface Interactions.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026
Same author

A comparison of the mother-infant attachment in mothers with and without pregnancy related physical health conditions: An analysis of the growing up in Scotland cohort.

Infant behavior & development·2026
Same author

Measuring the traction forces of upstream-migrating hematopoietic-like KG1a cells under shear flow.

Biophysical journal·2025
Same author

Galectin-1 induces macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming, modulates T cell immunity and attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Atherosclerosis·2025
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

5.4K

Exploring functional pairing between surface glycoconjugates and human galectins using programmable

Qi Xiao1, Anna-Kristin Ludwig2, Cecilia Romanò3

  • 1Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored how sulfated glycans and human galectins interact to control cellular activity. They found that ligand charge and density significantly impact galectin aggregation, revealing key molecular matchmaking principles.

Keywords:
aggregationglycodendrimersglycolipids

More Related Videos

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

2.5K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

5.4K
Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

2.5K
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Glycobiology
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular activity relies on specific interactions between glycans and human lectins.
  • Sulfoglycolipids, like sulfatides, are vital membrane components in nervous and immune systems.
  • Optimal design for high-specificity sulfated and nonsulfated glycan-lectin bridging remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how molecular and spatial features of glycans influence lectin-mediated bridging specificity.
  • To understand the role of ligand charge and density in glycan-lectin interactions.
  • To elucidate the principles of molecular matchmaking in complex cellular glycan-lectin environments.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of negatively charged glycodendrimersomes (GDSs) with sulfo-lactose or nonsulfated lactose headgroups from Janus glycodendrimers (JGDs).
  • Comparative aggregation assays using GDSs with 15 different human galectins (homodimeric, heterodimeric, and chimera variants).
  • Analysis of the impact of ligand surface charge, density, lectin concentration, and structure on GDS cross-linking.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences observed in aggregation capacity between homodimeric and heterodimeric human galectins.
  • Galectin responsiveness varied based on the charge of the carbohydrate ligand.
  • Ligand surface charge and density, along with lectin characteristics, strongly influenced the extent of surface cross-linking.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic glycan mimic design (JGD-headgroup tailoring) combined with protein engineering and network assays provides insights into glycan-lectin interactions.
  • Findings clarify how molecular matchmaking operates within the complex cellular context of glycans and lectins.
  • This approach aids in understanding the specificity of glycan-encoded information translation into cellular activity.