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Eigenstrain as a mechanical set-point of cells.

Shengmao Lin1,2, Marsha C Lampi3, Cynthia A Reinhart-King3,4

  • 1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cells maintain a constant internal strain, known as tensional homeostasis, regardless of external substrate stiffness. This cell average strain represents a fundamental mechanical set-point for cell mechanosensing and ECM remodeling.

Keywords:
Cell contractionEigenstrainMechanosensingSteady stateTFMTensional homoeostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular mechanics
  • Biophysics
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Cell contraction is crucial for cells to sense their mechanical surroundings.
  • Understanding tensional homeostasis is key to comprehending cell mechanosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the set-point of cell contraction, or tensional homeostasis.
  • To investigate the relationship between substrate stiffness and cell mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) using traction force microscopy (TFM).
  • Development of numerical models to simulate cell-substrate interactions and cell contraction as eigenstrain.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental TFM measurements.

Main Results:

  • Increased substrate stiffness led to larger cell spread area, higher traction force, and increased average cell stress.
  • Cell average strain remained constant across different substrate stiffnesses, indicating it as the tensional homeostasis.
  • Cell contraction (eigenstrain) was consistent across different cell types (BAECs and fibroblasts) and mechanical environments.

Conclusions:

  • Cell average strain serves as a cell type-specific tensional homeostasis.
  • A potential mechanical set-point for cell contraction may exist across different cell types.
  • Measuring cell contractility can aid in monitoring cell mechanosensing and extracellular matrix remodeling.