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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.2K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
157.2K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

14.9K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
14.9K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.9K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.9K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

14.1K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
14.1K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

18.6K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.6K

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Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data
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Long noncoding RNA complementarity and target transcripts abundance.

Richard W Zealy1, Mikhail Fomin1, Sylvia Davila1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate target RNA expression through sequence complementarity. This study shows lncRNA-mRNA partial complementarity influences RNA quantity, impacting gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Eukaryotic mRNA metabolism relies on RNA complementarity for stability, localization, and translation.
  • Small and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate mRNA stability via complementarity.
  • While small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) complementarity is well-studied, lncRNA-mRNA partial complementarity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if sequence complementarity of lncRNAs (lincRNA-p21 and OIP5-AS1) affects target RNA expression quantity.
  • To determine the correlation between lncRNA complementarity and target mRNA quantity.
  • To compare target mRNA quantities upon depletion of lncRNA-p21 and OIP5-AS1.

Main Methods:

  • RNA affinity pull down assays
  • Microarray analysis
  • RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)
  • siRNA-mediated depletion of lncRNAs

Main Results:

  • A positive correlation between lncRNA complementarity and target mRNA quantity was confirmed.
  • lincRNA-p21 regulated target mRNA abundance in both complementarity-dependent and independent manners.
  • OIP5-AS1 expression changes influenced target mRNA and miRNA quantities, consistent with complementarity predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Partial complementarity between lncRNAs and mRNAs (and miRNAs) plays a role in determining target RNA expression levels.
  • lncRNA-mRNA interactions are crucial for regulating RNA quantity and subsequent gene expression.
  • This study elucidates a novel mechanism of gene regulation involving lncRNA-RNA complementarity.