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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste
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Laser-Induced Intersite Spin Transfer.

John Kay Dewhurst1, Peter Elliott1, Sam Shallcross2

  • 1Max-Planck Institut für Microstrukture Physics , Weinberg 2 , D-06120 Halle , Germany.

Nano Letters
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrafast laser pulses optically switch magnetic order in materials by driving spin-selective charge flow. This purely optical method offers rapid manipulation of magnetism in various magnetic systems.

Keywords:
Ultrafast spin manipulationab initio theorymultilayersoptical switching

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Optics and Photonics

Background:

  • Materials exhibit diverse magnetic orders, including antiferromagnetic (AFM), ferromagnetic (FM), and ferrimagnetic.
  • Controlling magnetic structures, especially on ultrafast timescales, is crucial for advanced technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of ultrafast magnetic order switching induced by laser pulses.
  • To demonstrate a purely optical method for manipulating magnetic structures.
  • To establish general principles for early-time magnetization dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ultrafast laser pulses to probe and induce changes in magnetic materials.
  • Analyzing spin-selective charge flow as the primary mechanism for magnetic switching.
  • Investigating the phenomenon in multisub-lattice systems, including multilayer and bulk geometries.

Main Results:

  • Observed switching of magnetic order from AFM to transient FM states.
  • Identified spin-selective charge transfer between magnetic sublattices as the dominant mechanism.
  • Demonstrated the universality of this optical switching mechanism across AFM, FM, and ferrimagnets.

Conclusions:

  • Purely optical spin modulation via charge flow is a highly efficient method for ultrafast magnetic manipulation.
  • The demonstrated mechanism provides a pathway for rapid control of magnetism.
  • Three key rules governing early-time magnetization dynamics in multisub-lattice systems were established.