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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Range

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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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Pixel Binning for High Dynamic Range Color Image Sensor Using Square Sampling Lattice.

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    We introduce a novel pixel binning method for color image sensors, minimizing distortion for improved image quality. This new scheme enhances signal strength and noise performance over existing methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Image sensor technology
    • Computational imaging

    Background:

    • Pixel binning is a technique used in image sensors to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
    • Existing binning methods can introduce image distortion and artifacts.
    • Color image sensors present unique challenges for effective pixel binning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new pixel binning scheme for color image sensors.
    • To minimize distortion inherent in traditional binning techniques.
    • To enhance both noise performance and resolution compared to existing methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel pixel binning scheme.
    • Ensured superpixels lie on a square sampling lattice to minimize distortion.
    • Introduced an extension for single-shot high dynamic range (HDR) image acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 4.42x signal strength improvement with a 5x resolution loss.
    • Demonstrated superior noise performance and resolution compared to existing binning schemes.
    • Observed considerably fewer artifacts in images processed with the proposed binning method.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed pixel binning scheme offers significant advantages in signal strength and noise performance.
    • The square sampling lattice approach effectively reduces distortion in color image sensors.
    • The extension enables efficient single-shot high dynamic range imaging.