Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
Published on: February 3, 2021
Phenothiazine-based small-molecule organic solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 7% and open circuit
Yogajivan Rout1, Rajneesh Misra, Rahul Singhal
1Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, MP 452020, India. rajneeshmisra@iiti.ac.in.
Abstract:
We have used two unsymmetrical small molecules, named phenothiazine 1 and 2 with a D-A-D-π-D configuration, where phenothiazine is used as a central unit, triphenylamine is used as a terminal unit and TCBD and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded TCBD are used as an acceptor between the phenothiazine and triphenylamine units, as a small molecule donor along with PC71BM as an acceptor for solution processed bulk heterojunction solar cells. The variation of acceptors in the phenothiazine derivatives makes an exciting change in the photophysical and electrochemical properties, hole mobility and therefore photovoltaic performance. The optimized device based on phenothiazine 2 exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 7.35% (Jsc = 11.98 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.99 V and FF = 0.62), while the device based on phenothiazine 1 showed a low PCE of 4.81% (Jsc = 8.73 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.95 V and FF = 0.58) after solvent vapour annealing (SVA) treatment. The higher value of power conversion efficiency of the 2 based devices irrespective of the processing conditions may be related to the broader absorption and lower band gap of 2 as compared to 1. The improvement in the SVA treated active layer may be related to the enhanced crystallinity, molecular ordering and aggregation and shorter π-π stacking distance of the small molecule donors.
More Related Videos
14:01Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition
Published on: May 22, 2015
08:29Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
Published on: January 10, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Voltage Doubler Circuit
Power in an AC Circuit
In a DC circuit, there is no sinusoidal waveform associated with the supply; the voltages and currents are...
Power in a Three-Phase Circuit
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure Lowering
Vaporization