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Lymphocyte integration of complement cues.

Ana V Marin1, Paula P Cárdenas1, Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement proteins regulate lymphocytes via complement receptors (CR) and regulators (CReg), impacting cell function. However, the physiological relevance of CReg is debated due to species differences.

Keywords:
AnaphylatoxinsComplementInnate lymphoid cellLymphocytePrimary immunodeficienciesSignalling

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Complement System Biology
  • Lymphocyte Signaling

Background:

  • The complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, comprises proteins that can be activated by distinct pathways.
  • Lymphocytes, key players in adaptive immunity, express complement receptors (CR) and membrane complement regulators (CReg).
  • Complement interactions with lymphocytes are increasingly recognized but remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data, perspectives, and challenges regarding lymphocyte regulation by complement proteins and fragments.
  • To explore the roles of complement receptors (CR) and membrane complement regulators (CReg) in lymphocyte function and protection.
  • To assess the physiological relevance of complement-mediated lymphocyte regulation, particularly concerning CReg.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on complement-lymphocyte interactions.
  • Analysis of data from B cell studies demonstrating complement cues enhancing performance via CR.
  • Consideration of evidence from human congenital deficiencies and knockout mouse models for CReg function.

Main Results:

  • Complement cues through CR demonstrably improve B cell performance and function.
  • Most lymphocytes express or regulate CR and CReg, suggesting integration of complement-derived signals.
  • CR-induced signals, especially from anaphylatoxins, clearly regulate lymphocyte function.
  • Data from CReg crosslinking studies are not consistently validated in human deficiencies or knockout models, questioning their physiological relevance.

Conclusions:

  • Complement proteins and fragments significantly regulate lymphocyte function through CR and CReg.
  • The physiological importance of CReg in lymphocyte regulation requires further investigation due to conflicting evidence.
  • Differences between human and mouse complement systems add complexity to understanding these interactions.