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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The Dot Product01:26

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Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...
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Dot Product01:29

Dot Product

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The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
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Dot Product: Problem Solving01:21

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The dot product is a powerful tool in problem-solving involving vectors, given that the dot product of two vectors is the product of their magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them measured anti-clockwise. Solving problems involving the dot product requires understanding its properties and developing a step-by-step process to solve them. Here are the main steps to follow when solving any general problem involving the dot product:
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Scalar Product (Dot Product)01:11

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The scalar multiplication of two vectors is known as the scalar or dot product. As the name indicates, the scalar product of two vectors results in a number, that is, a scalar quantity. Scalar products are used to define work and energy relations. For example, the work that a force (a vector) performs on an object while causing its displacement (a vector) is defined as a scalar product of the force vector with the displacement vector.
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Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
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Ultra-low-threshold InGaN/GaN quantum dot micro-ring lasers.

Danqing Wang, Tongtong Zhu, Rachel A Oliver

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    |February 15, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers achieved record-low thresholds for room-temperature lasing in Gallium Nitride (GaN) microcavities using Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) quantum dots and wells. Lowering pump volume further reduced lasing thresholds in micro-ring lasers.

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    Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Materials Science
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Gallium Nitride (GaN) based microcavities are promising for optoelectronic devices.
    • Achieving low-threshold, room-temperature lasing is crucial for practical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate ultra-low-threshold, optically pumped, room-temperature lasing in GaN microdisk and micro-ring cavities.
    • To investigate the effect of pump volume and cavity design on lasing performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of GaN microdisk and micro-ring cavities with InGaN quantum dots and fragmented quantum wells.
    • Optical pumping experiments to measure lasing thresholds and efficiency.
    • Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to analyze photon loss mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • Record low lasing threshold of 6.2 μJ/cm² achieved in GaN microcavities.
    • Systematic decrease in lasing threshold observed with decreasing pump volume in micro-rings.
    • Photon loss rate (γ) increases with inner ring diameter, reducing slope efficiency.
    • Quality factor of the lasing mode remained largely unchanged.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultra-low-threshold, room-temperature lasing is demonstrated in InGaN/GaN quantum structures.
    • Photon loss from higher-order modes significantly impacts lasing efficiency in micro-ring resonators.
    • Cavity design and pump conditions are critical for optimizing laser performance.