Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

44.5K
Overview
44.5K
Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions01:27

Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions

74
Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...
74
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

12.2K
 The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson...
12.2K
Probability in Statistics01:14

Probability in Statistics

23.6K
Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. The term event is defined as a collection of results of a procedure. An event is a simple event when an outcome cannot be divided into simpler parts.
An example of a simple event is a coin toss. The result of a coin toss is either a head or a tail. Here, head and tail are two simple events. These two simple events make up the sample space. Further, the probability of an event occurring falls within the range of 0 to 1. The probability of an...
23.6K
Probability Histograms01:17

Probability Histograms

13.3K
A probability histogram is a visual representation of a probability distribution. Similar a typical histogram, the probability histogram consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. It has both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The horizontal axis is labeled with what the data represents. The vertical axis is labeled with probability. Each rectangular bar in the histogram is 1 unit wide, which suggests that the area under each bar equals the probability, P(x), where x is 1, 2, 3, and so on.
13.3K
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[High Variability of Rhythmic EEG Patterns, Intrinsic for Different Type of Thinking in Schizophrenia Patients].

Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova·2019
Same author

[Comparative Analysis of the Brain Activity during Verbal and Spatial Thinking in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Speech Disorders].

Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova·2019
Same author

[Violation of Assessing the Salience of Information in Schizophrenia].

Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk·2016
Same author

[Determinism and Freedom of Choice in the Brain Functioning].

Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova·2015
Same author

[Central EEG rhythm associated with movement and EEG rhythm associated with spatial reasoning: are they homologous?].

Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova·2015
Same author

Neurotropic activity of ACTH(7-10)PGP, an analog of an ACTH fragment.

Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

14.1K

[Cognitive brain–Computer interface and probable aspects of its practical application].

M S Atanov, G A Ivanitsky, A M Ivanitsky

    Fiziologiia Cheloveka
    |February 16, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel brain-computer interface for real-time cognitive training. The brain-computer interface utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback to enhance learning and improve task efficiency.

    More Related Videos

    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
    06:09

    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    972
    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
    16:08

    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

    Published on: February 1, 2012

    16.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

    Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
    05:19

    Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

    Published on: June 1, 2015

    14.1K
    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
    06:09

    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    972
    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
    16:08

    Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

    Published on: February 1, 2012

    16.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Computer Science
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer potential for cognitive enhancement.
    • Real-time analysis of brain activity is crucial for effective BCI applications.
    • Previous algorithms required modification for immediate use in training paradigms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel brain-computer interface for cognitive skills training.
    • To investigate the use of electroencephalography (EEG) spectral patterns for real-time mental operation classification.
    • To assess the impact of biofeedback on learning and task performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Modification of a pre-existing algorithm for real-time BCI operation.
    • Utilizing a variety of brain activity parameters, including EEG spectral patterns.
    • Implementing a positive biofeedback paradigm where task-relevant clues are presented upon detection of adequate EEG patterns.
    • Assessing changes in EEG spectra and task completion times after a single training session.

    Main Results:

    • EEG spectral patterns for different tasks became more concentrated in narrower frequency ranges after training.
    • This concentration indicates a decrease in mental effort required for task execution.
    • The majority of subjects demonstrated increased task efficiency, solving tasks faster.
    • The developed BCI successfully identified mental operations based on EEG data.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed brain-computer interface is effective for real-time cognitive skills training.
    • Positive biofeedback linked to EEG patterns facilitates the memorization of task-specific brain states.
    • The BCI system demonstrates potential for novel training methods based on objective brain activity measures.
    • This technology could lead to more efficient and personalized cognitive enhancement strategies.