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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

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Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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High-efficiency RNA-based reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts.

Igor Kogut1,2, Sandra M McCarthy1,2, Maryna Pavlova1,2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic modified mRNAs and miRNA mimics significantly boost the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human fibroblasts. This breakthrough enhances reprogramming efficiency for regenerative medicine applications.

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set
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Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Low efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming limits clinical applications of iPSCs.
  • Optimizing reprogramming methods is essential for translating iPSC technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the efficiency of reprogramming human primary fibroblasts into iPSCs.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of modified mRNAs and miRNA mimics.
  • To establish a clinically relevant, integration-free iPSC generation method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synthetic modified mRNAs encoding reprogramming factors.
  • Delivered mature miRNA-367/302 mimics.
  • Optimized RNA transfection and culture conditions for human primary fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Achieved synergistic enhancement of fibroblast reprogramming into iPSCs.
  • Generated up to 4,019 iPSC colonies from 500 fibroblasts.
  • Reprogrammed up to 90.7% of individually plated cells, yielding multiple sister colonies.

Conclusions:

  • The combined approach significantly improves iPSC generation efficiency.
  • This methodology produces clinically relevant, integration-free iPSCs.
  • The method is applicable to various human fibroblasts and supports clinical translation.