Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026
10:54
Optimization of Radiochemical Reactions using Droplet Arrays
Published on: February 12, 2021
3.9K
Breakthrough Reactions to Gadobenate Dimeglumine
Zeeshaan S Bhatti, Benjamin M Mervak1, Jonathan R Dillman2
1Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Investigative Radiology
|February 23, 2018
Summary
Premedication does not fully prevent severe breakthrough reactions to gadobenate dimeglumine. Some breakthrough reactions were more severe than initial reactions, indicating a need for continued vigilance.
Area of Science:
- Radiology and Imaging
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Allergy and Immunology
Background:
- Gadolinium-based contrast materials (GBCMs) are widely used in medical imaging.
- Allergic-like reactions to GBCMs can occur, necessitating premedication strategies.
- Understanding breakthrough reactions is crucial for patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the severity of breakthrough reactions to gadobenate dimeglumine.
- To assess the efficacy of a 13-hour premedication regimen in preventing severe reactions.
- To compare breakthrough reactions with non-breakthrough reactions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of patients receiving gadobenate dimeglumine.
- Identification and analysis of acute allergic-like reactions from 2008 to 2016.
- Categorization of reaction severity using American College of Radiology guidelines.
Main Results:
- Breakthrough reactions were more severe than non-breakthrough reactions (P=0.046).
- In 33% of cases with a history of GBCM reaction, breakthrough reactions were more severe.
- Two severe breakthrough reactions occurred in patients premedicated for non-GBCM related risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Premedication does not eliminate the risk of severe reactions to gadobenate dimeglumine.
- Breakthrough reactions can be more severe than the initial index reaction.
- Risk stratification and careful monitoring remain essential for GBCM administration.
Related Concept Videos
03:06Reaction Mechanisms
31.2K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
31.2K
02:53Determining Order of Reaction
62.6K
Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
62.6K
02:22Reaction Yield
60.6K
The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product estimated to form based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The theoretical yield assumes the complete conversion of the limiting reactant into the desired product. The amount of product that is obtained by performing the reaction is called the actual yield, and it may be less than or (very rarely) equal to the theoretical yield.
60.6K
02:53Reaction Rate
65.9K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
65.9K
02:35Reaction Quotient
53.5K
The status of a reversible reaction is conveniently assessed by evaluating its reaction quotient (Q). For a reversible reaction described by m A + n B ⇌ x C + y D, the reaction quotient is derived directly from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation as
53.5K
02:42Half-life of a Reaction
39.4K
The half-life of a reaction (t1/2) is the time required for one-half of a given amount of reactant to be consumed. In each succeeding half-life, half of the remaining concentration of the reactant is consumed. For example, during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, during the first half-life (from 0.00 hours to 6.00 hours), the concentration of H2O2 decreases from 1.000 M to 0.500 M. During the second half-life (from 6.00 hours to 12.00 hours), the concentration decreases from 0.500 M to...
39.4K