Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026
11:37
Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy
Published on: May 14, 2017
11.6K
An isomerase completes the circuit for a redox switch.
1Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|February 25, 2018
Summary
Human transglutaminase 2 (TG2) activity is regulated by a redox switch. Khosla and colleagues discovered that ERp57 oxidatively inactivates TG2, revealing a new target for inhibiting TG2 in disease.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Enzymology
Background:
- Human transglutaminase 2 (TG2) catalyzes protein cross-linking via glutamine and lysine residues.
- TG2 activity is modulated by an allosteric disulfide bond, but the formation mechanism was unclear.
- Oxidative cysteine modifications regulate many biological systems, but specific mechanisms are often unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanism of TG2 inactivation via oxidative modifications.
- To identify the specific protein responsible for forming the regulatory disulfide bond in TG2.
- To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting TG2 activity in pathological conditions.
Main Methods:
- Investigated the interaction between human transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and protein disulfide isomerase ERp57.
- Utilized biochemical assays to monitor TG2 activity and disulfide bond formation.
- Analyzed the redox state of cysteine residues in TG2 upon interaction with ERp57.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated that ERp57 oxidatively inactivates TG2.
- Showed that this inactivation involves the formation of a specific disulfide bond in TG2.
- Identified this interaction as the first example of a defined, reversible protein-controlled redox switch.
Conclusions:
- ERp57 acts as a key regulator of TG2 activity through oxidative inactivation.
- The TG2-ERp57 interaction represents a novel redox switch mechanism.
- Targeting this interaction offers new strategies for inhibiting aberrant TG2 activity in diseases.
Related Concept Videos
02:58Balancing Redox Equations
62.5K
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
62.5K
01:24Redox Reactions
58.9K
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
58.9K
01:27Redox Reactions
1.2K
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
1.2K
01:22Switching of BJT
876
Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
876
01:23Redox Equilibria: Overview
1.6K
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
1.6K
01:21Redox Titration: Overview
5.1K
Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
5.1K