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How to inhibit a distractor location? Statistical learning versus active, top-down suppression.

Benchi Wang1, Jan Theeuwes2

  • 1Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, and Institute Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. wangbenchi.swift@gmail.com.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|February 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical learning suppresses distractor locations in visual attention, but active top-down cueing does not achieve this suppression. This suggests learned biases, not conscious control, shape attentional priority maps.

Keywords:
Attentional captureCueingStatistical learningSuppressionTop-down

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Attention
  • Perception

Background:

  • Previous research indicated statistical learning influences visual search by suppressing frequently cued distractor locations.
  • This suppression was hypothesized to result from plasticity in the spatial priority map.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate findings on statistical learning's effect on visual search.
  • To investigate if top-down cueing can induce similar distractor suppression effects.
  • To differentiate between statistical learning and active top-down control in attentional suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Replication of statistical learning effects in a visual search task (Experiment 1).
  • Implementation of top-down cueing of distractor locations with varying stimulus-onset asymmetries (SOAs) (Experiments 2 & 3).
  • Measurement of distractor capture and selection efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Statistical learning effects were replicated.
  • Top-down cueing did not lead to distractor suppression.
  • Short SOAs in cueing experiments showed an attentional benefit, not suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Statistical learning modifies attentional priority maps for suppression, a process not replicable by active top-down cueing.
  • Conscious control via cueing cannot achieve the learned suppression observed with statistical learning.
  • Findings challenge theories suggesting active top-down suppression mechanisms for distractor handling.