Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Generating a Murine Orthotopic Metastatic Breast Cancer Model and Performing Murine Radical Mastectomy
Published on: November 29, 2018
[Local Control by Mastectomy in Advanced Breast Cancer with Liver Metastasis after Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, and
Mariko Ishizuka1, Yu Tsubota, Aiko Ueda
1Dept. of Surgery, Kansai Medical University.
Abstract:
Advanced breast cancer has a poor prognosis compared to early breast cancer; however, quality of life and radical operation can be improved in some case by using multidisciplinary treatment. A 54-year-old woman was examined at the hospital because of an enlarging tumor in the left breast. She was aware of a lump for 3 years. Results of the initial examination indicated invasive ductal carcinoma with liver metastasis. She first received chemotherapy(AC followed by weekly paclitaxel). After 4 courses of weekly paclitaxel, computed tomography revealed axillary lymph nodes involved in the axillary vein. Operation was difficult and conversion therapy was administered. The patient underwent radiotherapy, hyperthermia, and hormone therapy. After 1 year from the start of hormone therapy, the metastasis had disappeared and the patient underwent operation in our unit. Eight months after operation, no recurrence was observed.
Related Concept Videos
Metastasis
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Data Reporting and Recording
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
Extraction: Advanced Methods

