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Related Concept Videos

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Related Experiment Video

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Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy
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Perspectives on cavitation enhanced endothelial layer permeability.

Giovanna Peruzzi1, Giorgia Sinibaldi2, Giulia Silvani3

  • 1Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound-activated microbubbles can transiently increase the permeability of biological barriers, enhancing drug delivery. This review explores combining microfluidics with ultrasound for advanced drug delivery protocols and tissue interface screening.

Keywords:
CavitationDrug delivery systemsEndothelial layer permeabilityMicrobubblesMicrofluidicsUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Traditional drug delivery faces challenges with biological barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting therapeutic efficacy.
  • Endothelial layer permeability restricts drug transport to target tissues, impacting treatments for cancer and degenerative disorders.
  • Microbubbles, when exposed to ultrasound, oscillate and can mechanically enhance drug extravasation at specific sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the state-of-the-art in using cavitation for transiently modifying biological interface permeability.
  • To highlight the potential of combining microfluidic systems with ultrasound for drug delivery research.
  • To provide insights into developing cavitation-enhanced drug delivery protocols and screening biological interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vivo animal models utilizing microbubbles and ultrasound for drug delivery.
  • Analysis of in vitro microfluidic network studies for drug delivery testing.
  • Examination of micro-devices, biological functionalization, artificial endothelium properties, and ultrasound irradiation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation offers a method to temporarily increase endothelial permeability.
  • In vitro microfluidic platforms combined with ultrasound provide a controlled environment for studying drug delivery mechanisms.
  • This approach facilitates drug extravasation by transiently widening intercellular spaces.

Conclusions:

  • Cavitation-enhanced drug delivery presents a promising strategy to overcome biological barrier limitations.
  • The integration of microfluidics and ultrasound is crucial for advancing drug delivery research and screening.
  • This technology holds potential for developing targeted therapies and understanding tissue-specific interactions.