Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Cell Death Associated with Abnormal Mitosis Observed by Confocal Imaging in Live Cancer Cells
Published on: August 21, 2013
Changes in Siblings Over Time After the Death of a Brother or Sister From Cancer
Terrah Foster Akard1, Micah A Skeens, Christine A Fortney
1Author Affiliations: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (Drs Akard, Skeens, Dietrich, and Gilmer and Ms Wray); The Ohio State University (Dr Fortney); and The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (Drs Vannatta and Gerhardt), Columbus, Ohio; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Barrera); and University of California San Francisco; and University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Davies).
Background:
Limited research has examined the impact of a child's death from cancer on siblings. Even less is known about how these siblings change over time.
Objective:
This study compared changes in siblings 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) years after the death of a brother or sister from cancer based on bereaved parent and sibling interviews.
Methods:
Participants across 3 institutions represented 27 families and included bereaved mothers (n = 21), fathers (n = 15), and siblings (n = 26) ranging from 8 to 17 years old. Participants completed semistructured interviews. Content analysis identified emerging themes and included frequency counts of participant responses. McNemar tests examined differences in the frequency of responses between T1 and T2 data.
Results:
Participants reported similar types of changes in bereaved siblings at both time points, including changes in sibling relationships, life perspectives, their personal lives, and school performance. A new theme of "openness" emerged at T2. Frequencies of responses differed according to mother, father, or sibling informant. Overall, participants less frequently reported changes at T2 versus T1. Compared with findings in the first year, participants reported greater sibling maturity at follow-up.
Conclusion:
Overall changes in bereaved siblings continued over 2 years with less frequency over time, with the exception of increases in maturity and openness.
Implications For Practice:
Providers can educate parents regarding the impact of death of a brother or sister over time. Nurses can foster open communication in surviving grieving siblings and parents as potential protective factors in families going through their grief.
Related Concept Videos
Attachment of Sister Chromatids
Separation of Sister Chromatids
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings
Autophagic Cell Death
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
Overview of Cell Death
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Self-Discrepancy Theory

