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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Salts with Acidic Ions
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AlN based piezoelectric micromirror.

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel piezoelectric micromirror using Aluminum Nitride (AlN) film for linear control, low power, and fast response. The fabricated AlN-based MEMS device demonstrates high-frequency operation and a clear linear relationship between movement and control signals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
    • Piezoelectric Actuation
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Conventional piezoelectric micromirrors often face limitations in performance and fabrication.
    • Aluminum Nitride (AlN) offers promising piezoelectric properties and CMOS compatibility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel piezoelectric micromirror with enhanced characteristics like linear control, low power consumption, fast response, and ease of fabrication.
    • To explore the use of AlN film as the active piezoelectric layer in micromirror design.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an AlN-based piezoelectric micromirror using a modified silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS process.
    • Utilizing CMOS-compatible deposition and patterning techniques for the AlN film.
    • Experimental demonstration of micromirror performance.

    Main Results:

    • Successful fabrication of the AlN-based piezoelectric micromirror.
    • Demonstration of various mirror movement modes operating at high frequencies.
    • Experimental validation of an excellent linear relationship between micromirror movement and the applied control signal.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed AlN-based piezoelectric actuation strategy enables the development of micromirrors with desired characteristics.
    • The fabricated AlN-based MEMS micromirror shows potential for high-performance applications requiring fast and linear actuation.