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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
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Reduced olfactory bulb volume in depression-A structural moderator analysis.

Fabian Rottstädt1, Pengfei Han2, Kerstin Weidner1

  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping
|March 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced olfactory bulb volume is linked to depression in humans. This reduction correlates with brain regions involved in salience detection, suggesting a potential vulnerability factor for depression.

Keywords:
amygdalagray matter volumeinsulasaliencesuperior temporal gyrus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Rodent studies link olfactory bulb (OB) removal to depression-like behaviors.
  • Human studies suggest a connection between olfactory function and depression.
  • This study investigates the relationship between human OB volume and depressive state, considering moderating effects of other brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that human OB volume relates to depressive state.
  • To examine if structural alterations in other brain regions moderate this relationship.
  • To explore potential vulnerability factors for depression.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI scans were acquired from 83 participants (32 with major depression, 51 controls).
  • Individual OB volumes were compared between groups.
  • Multiple regression analysis and whole-brain voxel-based morphometry were used to analyze data.

Main Results:

  • Patients with major depression showed a significantly reduced OB volume (average 17% decrease compared to controls).
  • OB volume correlated with the volume of the insula, superior temporal cortex, and amygdala.
  • Depression, age, and gender explained 37% of the OB volume variation; the depression-OB volume link was moderated by reduced insula and superior temporal gyrus volume.

Conclusions:

  • Human OB volume is associated with depression.
  • Reduced OB volume may lead to diminished olfactory input, facilitating volume reduction in the insula and superior temporal gyrus.
  • OB volume could be a vulnerability factor for depression; olfactory-based deep brain stimulation is a potential future therapy.