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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem
Published on: December 30, 2015
Visualizing the Human Subcortex Using Ultra-high Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
M C Keuken1,2, B R Isaacs3,4, R Trampel5
1Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.c.keuken@uva.nl.
Abstract:
With the recent increased availability of ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), substantial progress has been made in visualizing the human brain, which can now be done in extraordinary detail. This review provides an extensive overview of the use of UHF MRI in visualizing the human subcortex for both healthy and patient populations. The high inter-subject variability in size and location of subcortical structures limits the usability of atlases in the midbrain. Fortunately, the combined results of this review indicate that a large number of subcortical areas can be visualized in individual space using UHF MRI. Current limitations and potential solutions of UHF MRI for visualizing the subcortex are also discussed.
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