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Palivizumab Prophylaxis for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Examining the Evidence Around Value

Natalia Olchanski1, Ryan N Hansen2, Elle Pope1

  • 1Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|March 9, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Palivizumab effectively reduces hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk infants. This review examines its cost-effectiveness, highlighting expert consensus and research needs for RSV immunoprophylaxis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Health economics
  • Public health policy

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in young children.
  • Severe RSV disease incurs significant healthcare costs for children under five in the US.
  • Palivizumab is an effective intervention for preventing serious RSV illness in high-risk infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review cost-effectiveness studies of palivizumab for RSV prevention.
  • To summarize key findings and expert opinions from a roundtable discussion on RSV immunoprophylaxis.
  • To identify gaps in current data and future research priorities for RSV economic evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of cost-effectiveness studies on palivizumab.
  • Qualitative synthesis of a roundtable discussion involving diverse experts.
  • Analysis of clinical, epidemiological, and economic data related to severe RSV.

Main Results:

  • Palivizumab demonstrates effectiveness in reducing RSV-related hospitalizations and serious infections in eligible infants.
  • The review identified areas of agreement and disagreement among experts regarding cost-effectiveness estimates.
  • Current data supports the value of RSV immunoprophylaxis, but further research is needed.

Conclusions:

  • Palivizumab is a valuable tool for managing RSV in high-risk infants, with evidence supporting its cost-effectiveness.
  • Further research should focus on refining economic models and addressing data gaps for optimal resource allocation in RSV prevention.
  • Expert consensus highlights the need for continued evaluation of RSV immunoprophylaxis strategies.

Keywords:
cost-effectivenessexpert reviewimmunoprophylaxispediatricsrespiratory syncytial virusvalue

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