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Does the experimenter presence affect working memory?

Clément Belletier1, Valérie Camos1

  • 1Département de psychologie, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|March 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social presence impairs working memory performance by capturing attention. This study found that experimenter presence hindered attentional working memory but not verbal rehearsal, impacting recall.

Keywords:
attentionaudience effectexperimenter presencerehearsalworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Social presence is known to impair performance on difficult tasks due to attentional capture.
  • Working memory maintenance is theorized to rely on attentional mechanisms and nonattentional verbal rehearsal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if social presence, specifically experimenter presence, affects working memory performance through attentional capture.
  • To differentiate the impact of social presence on attentional versus nonattentional working memory mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants memorized letters with varying experimenter presence and a secondary task to limit attention.
  • Experiment 2: Replicated Experiment 1, adding concurrent articulation to inhibit verbal rehearsal.

Main Results:

  • Social presence impaired letter recall only in Experiment 2, where verbal rehearsal was prevented.
  • Participants recalled fewer letters when the experimenter was present compared to when they were alone, but only when attention was solely relied upon.

Conclusions:

  • Social presence negatively impacts attentional maintenance in working memory.
  • Nonattentional verbal rehearsal mechanisms of working memory are not affected by social presence.
  • Findings have implications for understanding working memory, social influences, and research methodology.