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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy to Study the Physical Properties of Epidermal Cells of Live Arabidopsis Roots
Published on: March 31, 2022
Characterization of Root Epidermal Cell Patterning and Differentiation in Arabidopsis
Jorge E Salazar-Henao1, Girish Mokkapati1, Eunice Han Xian Khor1
1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana has been established as a model system for elucidating the mechanisms which govern the spatial patterningAbstract and morphogenesis of plant cells. Investigations into root hairs focus on various aspects of the biology of epidermal cells, using methods specifically developed to dissect the biological question under study. Despite the large number of studies related to epidermal cell differentiation, a survey of methods to analyze the phenotypic readout resulting from environmental conditions or the genetic background of the plant has not been provided so far. This protocol describes how to analyze the spatial arrangement and morphologic characteristics of cells in the root epidermis based on whole mount roots or cross sections, using confocal, scanning electron and light microscopy. This comparison of methods aids in selecting the most suitable strategy to examine the differentiation of root epidermal cells at different developmental stages.
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