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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Central to the gray matter is...
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What is an Experiment?

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Spinal Cord Electrophysiology
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Spinal Cord Subependymoma Surgery : A Multi-Institutional Experience.

Woon Tak Yuh1, Chun Kee Chung1,2,3, Sung-Hye Park4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
|March 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cord subependymomas are rare, benign tumors. Subtotal tumor removal may be a viable option, especially when gross total resection risks neurological deficit, as recurrence was not observed.

Keywords:
EpendymomaSpinal cordSpinal cord neoplasmsSpineSubependymomaSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuropathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Spinal cord subependymomas are uncommon, benign tumors.
  • They share radiological similarities with spinal cord ependymomas, but surgical characteristics and outcomes differ.
  • Complete tumor resection is not always achievable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of spinal cord subependymomas.
  • To evaluate surgical feasibility and outcomes.
  • To inform treatment strategies for this rare tumor type.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records from ten spinal cord subependymoma patients across four institutions.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical procedures, and outcomes.
  • Median patient age was 38 years (range, 21-77).

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms included sensory changes, pain, and motor weakness, with a median duration of 9.5 months.
  • Preoperative diagnosis was often ependymoma (7/10). Tumors were eccentric (6/10) and non-enhancing (6/10).
  • Gross total resection was achieved in 5/10 patients; subtotal resection was necessary in the other 5/10 due to poor dissection planes. Neurological deterioration occurred in two patients. No recurrence or regrowth was observed during a median follow-up of 31.5 months.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal cord subependymomas should be suspected in eccentric tumors with difficult dissection planes.
  • Subtotal tumor removal, when it minimizes neurological deficit risk, is a reasonable alternative given the tumor's indolent nature.
  • Long-term follow-up showed no recurrence after resection, supporting conservative surgical approaches.