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Ethnicity of Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease Referred for Coronary Angiography in the Galilee: Prevalence, Risk
Nizar Andria1, Ali Nassar1, Fabio Kusniec1
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, affiliated with the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University of the Galilee, Safed.
Insights
Arab patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are younger and more likely to smoke or be obese. Interventions targeting these modifiable risk factors are crucial for the Arab population.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Genetics
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents complex risk factors influenced by ethnicity, genetics, and lifestyle.
- Understanding ethnic-specific risk profiles is vital for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the prevalence and nature of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in Arab versus non-Arab patients.
- To identify ethnic-specific risk factors in symptomatic obstructive CAD.
Main Methods:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosed via coronary angiography in 1029 patients (April 2014 - October 2015).
- Patients categorized into Arab and non-Arab ethnic groups.
- Comparison of demographics, clinical presentation, and coronary risk profiles.
Main Results:
- Arab patients were more prevalent (47% higher) with symptomatic CAD and presented younger (approx. 5 years).
- Arab patients showed higher rates of active smoking (50% more likely) and obesity (25% more likely).
- Family history of CAD was also more common in Arab patients; other risk factors were similar.
Conclusions:
- Smoking and obesity are significant, modifiable CAD risk factors in both Arab and non-Arab populations, alongside genetic predisposition.
- Targeted screening and educational interventions for smoking cessation and obesity control are recommended for the Arab population.
- Improving compliance with co-morbidity treatment is essential to reduce CAD burden in Arab communities.
Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has known risk factors. Individual risks related to specific ethnicities are complex and depend on genetic predisposition and lifestyle.
Objectives:
To compare the nature and prevalence of risk factors in Arab and non-Arab ethnic patients with symptomatic obstructive CAD referred for coronary angiography.
Methods:
CAD, defined as coronary angiography with a ≥ 50% narrowing in ≥ 1 vessel, was diagnosed in 1029 patients admitted to a medical center between April 2014 and October 2015. Patients were divided into two groups according to ethnic origin: Arab vs. non-Arab. Demographics, clinical presentation, and coronary risk profiles were compared.
Results:
The diagnosis of CAD was made during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 198 patients (19%) who arrived at the clinic, 620 (60%) with unstable angina/non-STEMI, and 211 (21%) with stable angina. Patients with symptomatic CAD and Arab ethnicity were 47% more prevalent than non-Arab patients presenting with CAD. The Arab patients were appoximately 5 years younger, 50% more likely to be active smokers, 25% more likely to be obese, and more likely to have a family history of CAD. Other coronary risk factors were similar between the two groups.
Conclusions:
Smoking and obesity, which are potentially modifiable CAD risk factors, stood out as major risk factors, in addition to genetic disposition, among Arab and non-Arab patients with symptomatic CAD. Screening and educational interventions for smoking cessation, obesity control, and compliance to treatment of co-morbidities should be attempted in order to decrease CAD in the Arab population.
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