Imaging of Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Transplant Surgery
• Diagnostic Radiology

Background:

• Intestinal transplantation has evolved into a viable treatment for end-stage intestinal failure, particularly short-bowel syndrome.
• Overcoming technical, immunological, and infectious challenges has improved outcomes significantly.
• Global intestinal transplant volume exceeds 2800 cases, with survival rates now comparable to other solid organ transplants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of intestinal transplantation for diagnostic and interventional radiologists.
• To familiarize non-transplant imaging specialists with indications, variations, and postoperative complications.
• To prepare radiologists for the increasing likelihood of imaging intestinal transplant recipients outside specialized centers.

Main Methods:

• Review of the evolution and current status of intestinal transplantation.
• Discussion of common indications, including short-bowel syndrome.
• Description of surgical variations, expected postoperative anatomy, and potential complications.

Main Results:

• Intestinal transplantation is a successful treatment option for intestinal failure.
• Surgical techniques, immunosuppression, and post-transplant management have improved outcomes.
• Patient and graft survival rates are now comparable to other solid organ transplantations.

Conclusions:

• Diagnostic and interventional radiologists must be knowledgeable about intestinal transplantation.
• Familiarity with the procedure, its variations, and complications is crucial for optimal patient care.
• As the population of intestinal transplant recipients grows, imaging expertise beyond transplant centers is essential.