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Range00:59

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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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3D Depth Profile Reconstruction of Segregated Impurities Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
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High-resolution depth profiling using a range-gated CMOS SPAD quanta image sensor.

Ximing Ren, Peter W R Connolly, Abderrahim Halimi

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    |March 14, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new range-gated CMOS SPAD sensor for depth and intensity imaging. It achieves millimeter resolution with high frame rates, even in low light conditions using advanced algorithms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Imaging Technologies
    • Computational Imaging
    • Solid-State Devices

    Background:

    • Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are crucial for low-light imaging.
    • Traditional SPADs often face limitations in fill factor and frame rate due to timing circuitry.
    • Range-gated imaging requires precise synchronization for depth reconstruction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a CMOS SPAD sensor for range-gated depth and intensity profiling.
    • To overcome limitations of conventional SPAD arrays regarding fill factor and frame rate.
    • To enable high-resolution depth imaging in sparse photon conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a CMOS SPAD array operating in a range-gated mode with pulsed laser illumination.
    • Implemented image reconstruction algorithms, including cross-correlation and a bespoke clustering-based strategy for sparse data.
    • Synchronized temporal delays with laser pulses to achieve depth profiling.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved millimeter resolution depth profiles by iterating through temporal delays.
    • Demonstrated depth image estimation with millimeter scale uncertainty using cross-correlation for high signal-to-noise data.
    • Reconstructed depth images with millimeter scale uncertainty in sparse photon conditions (≤75 ms exposure) at ~2 meters using the bespoke algorithm.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed range-gated CMOS SPAD sensor enables efficient single-photon depth and intensity profiling.
    • The high fill factor and frame rate of the sensor are advantageous for advanced imaging applications.
    • The bespoke restoration algorithm significantly enhances depth and intensity estimation in sparse photon regimes.