The Fcγ Receptor Genotype as a Severity Factor for Chronic Periodontitis in Japanese Patients

Area of Science:

• Immunogenetics
• Periodontology
• Oral Medicine

Background:

• Functional polymorphisms in immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors (FcγR) are implicated in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) recurrence.
• Previous studies in Japanese populations suggested FcγR polymorphisms are associated with GAgP and CP recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between FcγR polymorphisms and the severity of chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Japanese cohort.

Main Methods:

• The study included 50 severe CP, 39 moderate CP Japanese non-smoking patients, and 64 healthy controls.
• FcγR genotypes (FcγRIIa-R/H131, FcγRIIIa-158V/F, FcγRIIIb-NA1/NA2) were determined using allele-specific polymerase chain reactions.
• Clinical parameters assessed included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (BL).

Main Results:

• A significant over-representation of the FcγRIIIa-158V allele was observed in severe CP patients compared to moderate CP patients (OR 2.03, P=0.028).
• A strong association was found between CP severity and a composite FcγR genotype (FcγRIIIa-158V + FcγRIIIb-NA2) (severe vs. moderate CP: OR 4.69, P=0.002; severe CP vs. healthy: OR 4.10, P=0.0009).
• Patients with the composite genotype exhibited significantly higher PD, CAL, and %BL.

Conclusions:

• The FcγRIIIa-158V allele is associated with CP severity in Japanese patients.
• The FcγRIIIb-NA2 allele may also be associated with increased CP severity.
• These findings highlight the role of FcγR polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis severity.