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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

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Is adaptive control in language production mediated by learning?

Michael Freund1, Nazbanou Nozari2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 1629 Thames Street, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

Cognition
|March 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive control in language production shows a Congruency Sequence Effect (CSE). This study supports a learning model, finding robust within-task CSE and absent or reversed cross-task CSE, regardless of task or gap duration.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlConflict adaptation, learningCongruency sequence effect (CSE)Domain generalityLanguage monitoringWord production

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Congruency Sequence Effect (CSE) in language production, similar to non-verbal tasks, indicates adaptive control but its underlying mechanism is debated.
  • CSE is defined as a reduced congruency effect following incongruent trials, suggesting adjustments in cognitive control processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of adaptive control in language production by testing predictions of a learning model against activation models.
  • To evaluate within-task CSE and cross-task CSE within a task-switching paradigm using the Picture Word Interference (PWI) task.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments employed a task-switching paradigm, assessing CSE on PWI trials based on preceding PWI trials (within-task) and trials from a different task (cross-task).
  • Experiment 1 used a visuospatial task, while Experiment 2 used a self-paced reading task with varied inter-trial gap durations.
  • Predictions from a learning model (robust within-task CSE, absent/reversed cross-task CSE) were contrasted with activation models.

Main Results:

  • A robust within-task CSE was consistently observed in PWI tasks across both experiments, unaffected by intervening trials or gap duration.
  • Within-task CSE was also evident in the visuospatial and sentence reading tasks.
  • Cross-task CSE, examined between PWI and the other tasks, was either absent or reversed.

Conclusions:

  • The findings strongly support a learning model of adaptive control in language production.
  • The results suggest that adaptive control mechanisms, as indexed by CSE, operate differently across tasks and are influenced by learning processes.