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New Faces in Rural Places: Patterns and Sources of Nonmetropolitan Ethnoracial Diversity Since 1990
Gregory Sharp1, Barrett A Lee2
1Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo-SUNY.
Rural Sociology
|March 21, 2018
Summary
Nonmetropolitan America is experiencing increasing ethnoracial diversity, particularly in communities with economic opportunities and growing populations. While diversity magnitude is rising, racial-ethnic structures often remain consistent over time.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Demography
- Geography
Background:
- Existing research on ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan areas primarily uses case studies.
- This study complements existing work by examining diversity across a large sample of nonmetropolitan places.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the dimensions and sources of ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan America.
- To test hypotheses derived from spatial assimilation and locational persistence theories.
- To identify correlates of diversity changes in nonmetropolitan communities.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 1990-2010 decennial census and American Community Survey data for 10,000 nonmetropolitan places.
- Identification of two diversity dimensions: magnitude and structure.
- Application of fixed effects regression models to examine correlates of diversity gains.
Main Results:
- A consistent increase in ethnoracial diversity magnitude across nonmetropolitan places from 1990 to 2010.
- Nonmetropolitan places tend to maintain their existing racial-ethnic structures over time.
- Diversity gains are associated with economic opportunities, fewer long-term residents, and growing total, foreign-born, and correctional populations.
Conclusions:
- Findings largely support locational persistence theory but also indicate some validity for spatial assimilation.
- A segmented change perspective, incorporating multiple theoretical models, is crucial for understanding nonmetropolitan diversity.
- The study highlights the complex dynamics shaping ethnoracial diversity in rural and micropolitan areas.
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