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Pacing in Swimming: A Systematic Review.

Katie E McGibbon1,2, D B Pyne3,4, M E Shephard5

  • 1University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Building 29, Bruce, ACT, Australia. katie.mcgibbon@canberra.edu.au.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|March 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Competitive swimmers should adopt event-specific pacing strategies for optimal performance. Understanding pacing in swimming, particularly energy distribution, is key for coaches and athletes to improve race outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Pacing strategy, or energy distribution during exercise, is critical for athletic performance.
  • Water's resistance and swimming's low mechanical efficiency make pacing crucial in competitive swimming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review pacing strategies used by competitive swimmers.
  • To examine the reproducibility and impact of different pacing strategies on performance variables.
  • To provide practical insights for coaches and sports science practitioners.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 23 peer-reviewed studies.
  • Searched databases: Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed.
  • Included pool-based swimming competitions and experimental trials.

Main Results:

  • Short/middle-distance: maintain velocity; long-distance: low lap variability and final spurt.
  • Individual Medley (IM): conserve energy during butterfly for subsequent legs.
  • Swimmer pacing profiles are stable regardless of competition factors.

Conclusions:

  • Event-specific pacing strategies enhance competitive swimming performance.
  • Individualized pacing strategies are needed, considering swimmer differences across distances and strokes.