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Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed Memory01:16

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

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Dopamine D2 agonist affects visuospatial working memory distractor interference depending on individual differences

James M Broadway1, Michael J Frank2, James F Cavanagh3

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA. jbroadway@salud.unm.edu.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dopamine D1-D2 circuits in the striatum are crucial for working memory (WM). A D2 agonist, cabergoline, impaired distractor filtering in a visuospatial working memory task, especially in individuals with higher baseline dopamine.

Keywords:
AgonistBasal gangliaCabergolineCapacityD2DopamineIndividual differencesPrefrontal cortexStriatumVisuospatial working memoryWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dopaminergic striatal D1-D2 circuits are theorized to support working memory (WM) by filtering relevant information.
  • Understanding this interplay is key to deciphering WM mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of D2-receptor agonism in visuospatial working memory (VSWM) distractor filtering.
  • To test the hypothesis that D1-D2 circuit interactions modulate WM performance.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blinded, crossover study involving healthy participants.
  • Administration of the D2-receptor agonist cabergoline versus placebo.
  • Performance assessment on a VSWM task measuring distractor interference.

Main Results:

  • Cabergoline administration led to increased interference from distractors during the VSWM task.
  • This effect was more pronounced in individuals with higher baseline dopamine levels, as indicated by their WM span.
  • Findings suggest a modulation of distractor filtering by D2 agonism.

Conclusions:

  • The results support computational models of striatal D1-D2 circuit function in WM encoding and distractor filtering.
  • Evidence is provided for interactive cortico-striatal systems supporting VSWM capacity.
  • The study highlights the dependence of these systems on individual working memory span.